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Health and Fitness

更年期综合征 — 饮食习惯多注意
— 特约撰稿•张冀秋医师 食谱摄影•余稀灵

人类在中年至老年的过渡阶段,即45~59岁这段时期,由于生理机能发生了一定的变化,身体会出现各种不适,也就是更年期综合症。该病虽属一种功能性疾患,但由于情绪方面的改变十分明显,严重时会给个人和家庭生活带来许多影响,所以有必要进行一定的治疗。古代中医认为这些症状的出现,是由于肝肾精气日衰,脏腑功能失调所致。

女性更年期综合征临床表现

月经紊乱

  • 月经紊乱是更年期综合征首先出现的临床表现
  • 月经周期不规则:常见的形式是周期提前,经期缩短,经量渐少,直至完全停止
  • 长期无排卵出血:可以表现为停经一段时间后发生子宫持续出血,持续2至4周或更长
  • 月经突然停止而不再潮者

心慌气急

  • 由于进入更年期后,情绪变化波动较大,常有胸前区不适,自觉心慌气短,喉头不适,出现叹气样呼吸;有时也可出现心律不齐、心动过速或过缓

潮红汗出

  • 潮红汗出也是妇女更年期综合征最多见的症状。所谓潮红,是指脸、颈发红像潮涨潮落一样呈阵发性,每次发作一般可由几秒到几分钟不等,并随之出汗,可一天数次发作

神经精神改变

  • 女性更年期综合征的精神抑郁、失眠多梦、注意力不集中、情绪低落、表情淡漠、胆小惊恐、多疑、遗忘或无病呻吟等是较多见的。常有孤独、空虚、寂寞感,亦有疑病、濒死感而终日惶恐,忐忑不安

不适

  • 影响性生活的比例增加,阴道干涩、灼热、阴痒,性欲下降,甚至出现尿频、尿急、尿失禁等

中医对于更年期综合症的治疗方法多,疗效好。病情较轻者,一般只要注意调整情志,生活起居有规律,再加上合理的饮食调整,药膳的运用等,均可在一定的时间内消除症状;如症状严重者,可以加用中药、针灸治疗。


近年来,医学界认为,更年期妇女如果能注意饮食,不仅能安然渡过更年期,而且许多不适的症状也有可能改善。

最好少吃肉,多吃鱼

  • 更年期妇女特别容易发福,所以更年期妇女饮食要清淡,减少摄取高脂肪食物和糖类,其中一个要点是少吃肉类,尤其是少吃肥肉,多吃各种鱼类
  • 更年期妇女烹调不应用动物油,应选择植物油如葵花籽油、菜子油、豆油等

多吃绿叶蔬菜与黄豆

  • 更年期妇女应摄取足够的含维生素B的食物,如麦片、燕麦、玉米等五谷杂粮,绿叶蔬菜如菠菜,其他如洋葱、大蒜等。此外,新鲜蔬菜、水果也应多吃,水果中的猕猴桃(奇伟果)、苹果、凤梨等尤其可多食用
  • 由于更年期妇女容易发生骨质疏松,因此,更年期妇女要经常食用含高钙的食品,最宜多吃豆腐、豆干、豆浆、豆花等黄豆制品,以及海藻类食品

限制食盐及少吃甜食

  • 值得注意的是,更年期妇女必须减少含咖啡因的饮食,如少喝咖啡、酒和浓茶等。除此之外,更年期妇女也应控制食盐,少吃甜食,控制糖的摄取,预防高血压、糖尿病的发生

常用的与抗衰老有关的食物有:蜂乳、花粉、大豆及豆制品、花生、黑芝麻、核桃、牛奶、银耳、香菇、新鲜蔬菜、水果、豆类、瘦肉之类;某些滋补中药如人参、冬虫夏草、燕窝、绞股蓝等能增强人体免疫功能或有延缓衰老的作用,某些活血化瘀药物如丹参、益草母、川芎等又能改善人体微循环,扩张血管、改善心脑等血液供应,从而能改善这些器官的功能活动。这些都可以作为更年期综合症食疗的参考。

Doctor Zhang

张冀秋医师
长春中医药大学医学硕士,曾任吉林省中医院主治医师,长春中医药大学讲师,现任职于马光中医门诊中心,为注册中医师和注册针灸师。张冀秋医师行医近20年,曾师从中国名医,并发表数篇医学论文。临床治疗经验丰富,多次接受电台电视及报纸的医学采访。擅长针药并用,主治疑难杂症,神经系统疾病, 心脑血管病,各种痛症,体质调理,妇科病及皮肤病等。电邮:jiqiu-1997@hotmail.com

菊花百合汤 2人份

用料

  • 白菊花6克
  • 干百合50克,泡发(新鲜百合则100克)
  • 清水适量

做法

  • 菊花略洗拍碎,与发好的干百合放入锅中,加水同煮。待干百合软烂,可加入糖服用

功效

  • 养心安神

White Chrysanthemum Water and Lily Bulb Soup (Serves 2)

Ingredients

  • 6g white chrysanthemum
  • 50g dried lily bulb(soaked) or 100g fresh lily bulb
  • some water

Method

  • Rinse chrysanthemum and smashed slightly, put into a pot with soaked lily bulb, add some water and boil together until the lily bulb becomes softened. You may add some sugar before serving

Usage

  • Soothing and calming

甘麦红枣汤 2人份

用料

  • 炙甘草10克
  • 小麦50克
  • 红枣10枚
  • 粳米(珍珠米)50克

制法

  • 把炙甘草、小麦和红枣以水煎(煮滚)、去渣取汁。再把汁和梗米一起煮成粥。于空腹时食用

功效

  • 补心益气,润燥缓急。帮助镇定情绪不稳定和常悲伤欲哭者

Soothing Red Dates Soup (Serves 2)

Ingredients

  • 10g Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata (zhi gan cao)
  • 50g wheat
  • 10g red dates
  • 50g pearl rice

Method

  • Boil zhi gan cao, wheat and red dates together. Remove the dreg and boil the soup with pearl rice until the porridge is formed. Serve when hungry

Usage

  • Revitalize energy, nourishing and calming. Especially for those who are suffered from depress because of menopause

黄精山药炖鸡 4人份

用料

  • 鸡1只
  • 黄精20克
  • 山药100克

做法

  • 鸡洗净切块,与其它用料放入大碗中,加入少许生姜、盐和酒,隔水炖至烂熟,随意食之

功效

  • 精神不足,头昏眼花,健忘,腰膝酸软,下肢无力

Double-boiled Chicken with Chinese Yam (Serves 4)

Ingredients

  • 1 chicken
  • 20g Siberian Solomonseal Rhizome (huang jing)
  • 100g Chinese yam (shan yao)

Method

  • Rinse chicken and cut into pieces, transfer to a big bowl with the remaining ingredients and add some ginger, salt and rice wine. Double-boil until the chicken is cooked. Serve

Usage

  • For people who are suffer from dizziness, forgetful and strengthless

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